I noticed that I could not indent a table if the previous element is an ordered list (ol). It's strange, because with an unordered list (ul) it works just fine.
You could try only using 1. or any other single digit(s) for ordered lists. If you use the Markdown viewer (or split view), it automatically updates ordered list numbers.
You could also try using the Space Indenter plugin to set tab or space indent width as desired:
Tabs let multi-line elements render properly at any tab indent width. This works for short indents like what you posted, but might not be preferred if syncing with mobile clients.
Space indent width can be set to 3+ spaces to avoid this issue. Single digit ordered lists can make this even more consistent.
That's the key, using the right number of spaces for indentation (three for single-digit ordered list items, and two for unordered list items. When I tried before I didn't use the right number of spaces, that's why it didn't render as expected.
Funny thing though : to indent a table after an unordered list item, only the first line of the table needs to be indented (of course it's cleaner to indent all lines). So the following codes both render the same :