It doesn't, no, the only official way of installing it is via npm.
However you might like to have a look at Unofficial alternative Joplin distributions which has some via other install methods like nix, unfortunately I think the snap package is outdated but may still work.
Remember that the terminal app by default will still be writing to its own profile so you would probably need to export them all again to .jex after you imported them to import to a desktop installation. Otherwise you are looking at pointing it to a different profile which isn't properly supported.