I tried with 2.6.4 then 2.8.8 and finally 2.9.1. Sadly joplin deskt has been stuck for me and a specific computer. (Works on ubuntu 22.04 w/ Joplin 2.8.8.)
I get
~ $ ~/.joplin/Joplin.AppImage
xdg-settings: invalid application name
Try 'xdg-settings --help' for more information.
[6053:0716/152525.760526:ERROR:sandbox_linux.cc(377)] InitializeSandbox() called with multiple threads in process gpu-process.
All of the folders you listed are relevant and needed for normal operation of joplin but joplin-desktop contains your data/settings.
if you don't have a fresh backup, please don't delete it just yet, just rename joplin-desktop and try to launch the application.
Once it runs successfully, notice folder plugins inside joplin-desktop. In most cases, one of the plugins may be responsible for the application crash/unresponsiveness. With some trial and error, you might be able to see what is causing a crash.