I did this by using the Joplin portable app and putting the app and it's subsequent profile on a drive that is VeraCrypt encrypted. I have not found anything that the full app can do that the portable on can't, at least nothing that I use anyway.

I have 4 PCs running Joplin, 2 use Bitlocker for the OS and secondary drive / partition with the app and profile on it. 1 uses VeraCrypt that way and the 4th uses a Self Encrypted SSD using a BIOS set access password.