Thanks for your understanding!
Actually, the main reason I created this post was my absolute confusion: how did the gender-neutral "parent notebook" become strictly a "father notebook" (父) when localized into Chinese?
If we really wanted a literal translation, shouldn't it be "parents" (父母) ? Of course, a direct translation like "Parents notebook" (父母笔记本) would be hilarious in Chinese, because native speakers would immediately interpret it as "a physical notebook belonging to my mom and dad"
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I completely agree with you that nodes don't have human genders. But if we must use one, I also lean towards matriarchal translations. For example, in Chinese literature/art, "motif" is very elegantly translated as "母题" (Mother-theme).
Regarding "Root notebook", it definitely sounds much more neutral and genderless than "parent".
To answer your question about "上级" (Upper-level): In Chinese, it does NOT mean the absolute highest ranking. It is a relative term. It usually refers to the layer just one step above, or it can be a general term for all layers above it.
If a structure only has two levels, we usually use "主" (Main/Primary) and "次" (Sub/Secondary).
Honestly, for notebook hierarchies, native Chinese speakers simply don't use family or strict tree metaphors at all—it's just too awkward and unnatural. If we were to design a native Chinese UI for this, we wouldn't try to translate "Parent/Root" directly. Instead, we would just use functional logic, such as:
所属分类 / 放入... (Belonging to / Place into...) instead of "Parent".
Hope this helps explain the cultural and linguistic gap! Cheers!