Here is my take, it may well be superseded by better advice from the developer, or other users with similar issues. There have been cases where quitting Joplin while a sync was in process has caused problems in the cloud which later don't go away. You have to make sure that this wasn't the case for you. Here is how:

Here is what I would do:

  • make local backups, and backups of the backups,
  • clean sweep of all Joplins instances including profiles,
  • reinstall Jop on win10 and write a few short simple text notes for testing,
  • sync with a different nextcloud target (I am using a free server in Switzerland which works just fine)
  • reinstall Jop on Andr10 and see what goes wrong if anything.

Supply the logs from both devices to the forum.

Good luck