It looks like some data in the database is corrupted. To fix it you will need to do this:
- Open the file database.sqlite in JoplinProfile using a database viewer such as https://sqlitebrowser.org/
- Go to "Browse data"
- Open the "settings" table
- Find the entry with key "syncInfoCache"
- Copy the data under in "value" cell and paste it in a text editor
- Delete the "value" and save
Now Joplin should start, however please note that the sync state has been lost so I'm not sure what will happen. I think nothing special with filesystem sync but to be sure make a full backup of your data.
By the way would you mind sharing the content of the "syncInfoCache" you copied earlier so that we can see why it was corrupted in the first place?